Cardiac surgery in children is done to repair heart defects in a child who is born with it such as congenital heart defects and those that need surgery. The surgery is needed for the child's wellbeing.
There are many kinds of heart defects. Some are minor, and others are more serious. Defects can occur within the heart or in the large blood vessels outside the heart. Some heart defects may need surgery right after the baby is born. For others, the child may be able to safely wait for months or years before opting for the surgery. One surgery may be enough to repair the heart defect, but sometimes a series of procedures is needed.
Children unlike adults, cannot always say what is bothering them or answer medical questions and are not always able to be patient and cooperative during a medical examination. Thus, it is important to get the child checked thoroughly on birth.
It is important to note here that as your child grows older, he or she will need continuous care from cardiologists to evaluate the treated condition and prevent any further complications.
Most Common Treatments:
Signs & Symptoms To Watch Out For:
As a parent, it is important to know about the signs & symptoms to detect any heart defect in a child at the early stage and discuss with a pediatric heart surgeon or a pediatric cardiothoracic surgeon to know what to expect in the coming months. Some common signs to watch out for are:
Serious congenital heart defects are often diagnosed soon after the birth of the child. If you notice that your baby has any of the signs or a symptom as mentioned above, it is advisable to visit a pediatric cardiac surgeon.
Different Types Of Heart Conditions In Children
Holes In The Heart
Holes can form in the walls between heart chambers or may even occur in or between major blood vessels that routes through the heart. This condition disrupts the normal functioning of the heart as oxygen-poor blood gets mixed with oxygen-rich blood through these holes those results in less oxygen being carried to the child's body. The size of the hole may vary and sometimes may even lead to congestive heart failure.
Generally a hole between the walls of the right and left chambers on the lower section of the heart is called a “Ventricular Septal Defect” and when a hole occurs between the upper chambers of the heart, it is called an “Atrial Septal Defect”. However, when there is a hole in the center of the heart, it is called a “complete atrioventricular canal defect”.
An Underdeveloped Heart
In cases, when a major portion of the heart fails to develop completely, such as the left side of the heart, it leads to the inability to effectively pumping enough blood to the body, this condition is referred to as “Hypoplastic left heart syndrome”.
Obstruction In The Blood Flow
Sometimes due to an underlying defect, when blood vessels or heart valves are narrow, in such cases, the heart must work harder to pump blood through them which leads to enlargement of the heart and thickening of the muscle of the heart. Such conditions are often termed as “Pulmonary Stenosis” or “Aortic Stenosis”.
Heart Valve Abnormalities
As the name suggests, it is an abnormality of the heart. In such condition, if the heart valves are not able to open and close correctly, it leads to the disruption of smooth blood flow.
Generally, when the tricuspid valve that is located between the right atrium and right ventricle is malformed and causes leakage, this condition is called “Ebstein’s Anomaly”. Again, when the pulmonary valve is missing that leads to abnormal blood flow to the lungs, it is called “Pulmonary Atresia”
Abnormal Blood Vessels
Sometimes blood vessels going to and from the heart do not form correctly and in some cases not positioned the way they are supposed to be. A condition where the pulmonary artery and the aorta are on the wrong sides of the heart is termed as “Transposition of the great arteries”.
Similarly, when the blood vessel that supplies blood to the body is too narrow, it is referred to as a condition called “Coarctation of the Aorta”. Again, when blood vessels from the lungs attach to the wrong area of the heart, it is called “Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection”.
A Combination Of Defects
Sometimes, children are born with multiple heart abnormalities. Such condition is termed as “Tetralogy of Fallot” that refers to a combination of four defects – a hole in the wall between the heart’s ventricles; narrow passage between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery; misplaced connection of the aorta to the heart, thick muscle in the right ventricle.
How long surgery take?
The amount of time in the operating room depends upon the child's heart defect and type of surgery.
What about anesthesia?
There are a variety of different methods that can be used to put a child to sleep. Anesthetic plans are individualized for each patient. Generally, an intravenous line is started only after the child is asleep.
How long the child needs to stay in the hospital?
Every child is different and it depends upon the condition of the child
Different Types Of Heart Conditions In Children
Holes In The Heart
Holes can form in the walls between heart chambers or may even occur in or between major blood vessels that routes through the heart. This condition disrupts the normal functioning of the heart as oxygen-poor blood gets mixed with oxygen-rich blood through these holes those results in less oxygen being carried to the child's body. The size of the hole may vary and sometimes may even lead to congestive heart failure.
Generally a hole between the walls of the right and left chambers on the lower section of the heart is called a “Ventricular Septal Defect” and when a hole occurs between the upper chambers of the heart, it is called an “Atrial Septal Defect”. However, when there is a hole in the center of the heart, it is called a “complete atrioventricular canal defect”.
An Underdeveloped Heart
In cases, when a major portion of the heart fails to develop completely, such as the left side of the heart, it leads to the inability to effectively pumping enough blood to the body, this condition is referred to as “Hypoplastic left heart syndrome”.
Obstruction In The Blood Flow
Sometimes due to an underlying defect, when blood vessels or heart valves are narrow, in such cases, the heart must work harder to pump blood through them which leads to enlargement of the heart and thickening of the muscle of the heart. Such conditions are often termed as “Pulmonary Stenosis” or “Aortic Stenosis”.
Heart Valve Abnormalities
As the name suggests, it is an abnormality of the heart. In such condition, if the heart valves are not able to open and close correctly, it leads to the disruption of smooth blood flow.
Generally, when the tricuspid valve that is located between the right atrium and right ventricle is malformed and causes leakage, this condition is called “Ebstein’s Anomaly”. Again, when the pulmonary valve is missing that leads to abnormal blood flow to the lungs, it is called “Pulmonary Atresia”
Abnormal Blood Vessels
Sometimes blood vessels going to and from the heart do not form correctly and in some cases not positioned the way they are supposed to be. A condition where the pulmonary artery and the aorta are on the wrong sides of the heart is termed as “Transposition of the great arteries”.
Similarly, when the blood vessel that supplies blood to the body is too narrow, it is referred to as a condition called “Coarctation of the Aorta”. Again, when blood vessels from the lungs attach to the wrong area of the heart, it is called “Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection”.
A Combination Of Defects
Sometimes, children are born with multiple heart abnormalities. Such condition is termed as “Tetralogy of Fallot” that refers to a combination of four defects – a hole in the wall between the heart’s ventricles; narrow passage between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery; misplaced connection of the aorta to the heart, thick muscle in the right ventricle.
How long surgery take?
The amount of time in the operating room depends upon the child's heart defect and type of surgery.
What about anesthesia?
There are a variety of different methods that can be used to put a child to sleep. Anesthetic plans are individualized for each patient. Generally, an intravenous line is started only after the child is asleep.
How long the child needs to stay in the hospital?
Every child is different and it depends upon the condition of the child
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Cardiac surgery in children is done to repair heart defects in a child who is born with it such as congenital heart defects and those that need surgery. The surgery is needed for the child's wellbeing.
There are many kinds of heart defects. Some are minor, and others are more serious. Defects can occur within the heart or in the large blood vessels outside the heart. Some heart defects may need surgery right after the baby is born. For others, the child may be able to safely wait for months or years before opting for the surgery. One surgery may be enough to repair the heart defect, but sometimes a series of procedures is needed.
Children unlike adults, cannot always say what is bothering them or answer medical questions and are not always able to be patient and cooperative during a medical examination. Thus, it is important to get the child checked thoroughly on birth.
It is important to note here that as your child grows older, he or she will need continuous care from cardiologists to evaluate the treated condition and prevent any further complications.
Most Common Treatments:
Signs & Symptoms To Watch Out For:
As a parent, it is important to know about the signs & symptoms to detect any heart defect in a child at the early stage and discuss with a pediatric heart surgeon or a pediatric cardiothoracic surgeon to know what to expect in the coming months. Some common signs to watch out for are:
Serious congenital heart defects are often diagnosed soon after the birth of the child. If you notice that your baby has any of the signs or a symptom as mentioned above, it is advisable to visit a pediatric cardiac surgeon.
Different Types Of Heart Conditions In Children
Holes In The Heart
Holes can form in the walls between heart chambers or may even occur in or between major blood vessels that routes through the heart. This condition disrupts the normal functioning of the heart as oxygen-poor blood gets mixed with oxygen-rich blood through these holes those results in less oxygen being carried to the child's body. The size of the hole may vary and sometimes may even lead to congestive heart failure.
Generally a hole between the walls of the right and left chambers on the lower section of the heart is called a “Ventricular Septal Defect” and when a hole occurs between the upper chambers of the heart, it is called an “Atrial Septal Defect”. However, when there is a hole in the center of the heart, it is called a “complete atrioventricular canal defect”.
An Underdeveloped Heart
In cases, when a major portion of the heart fails to develop completely, such as the left side of the heart, it leads to the inability to effectively pumping enough blood to the body, this condition is referred to as “Hypoplastic left heart syndrome”.
Obstruction In The Blood Flow
Sometimes due to an underlying defect, when blood vessels or heart valves are narrow, in such cases, the heart must work harder to pump blood through them which leads to enlargement of the heart and thickening of the muscle of the heart. Such conditions are often termed as “Pulmonary Stenosis” or “Aortic Stenosis”.
Heart Valve Abnormalities
As the name suggests, it is an abnormality of the heart. In such condition, if the heart valves are not able to open and close correctly, it leads to the disruption of smooth blood flow.
Generally, when the tricuspid valve that is located between the right atrium and right ventricle is malformed and causes leakage, this condition is called “Ebstein’s Anomaly”. Again, when the pulmonary valve is missing that leads to abnormal blood flow to the lungs, it is called “Pulmonary Atresia”
Abnormal Blood Vessels
Sometimes blood vessels going to and from the heart do not form correctly and in some cases not positioned the way they are supposed to be. A condition where the pulmonary artery and the aorta are on the wrong sides of the heart is termed as “Transposition of the great arteries”.
Similarly, when the blood vessel that supplies blood to the body is too narrow, it is referred to as a condition called “Coarctation of the Aorta”. Again, when blood vessels from the lungs attach to the wrong area of the heart, it is called “Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection”.
A Combination Of Defects
Sometimes, children are born with multiple heart abnormalities. Such condition is termed as “Tetralogy of Fallot” that refers to a combination of four defects – a hole in the wall between the heart’s ventricles; narrow passage between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery; misplaced connection of the aorta to the heart, thick muscle in the right ventricle.
How long surgery take?
The amount of time in the operating room depends upon the child's heart defect and type of surgery.
What about anesthesia?
There are a variety of different methods that can be used to put a child to sleep. Anesthetic plans are individualized for each patient. Generally, an intravenous line is started only after the child is asleep.
How long the child needs to stay in the hospital?
Every child is different and it depends upon the condition of the child
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